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Alto Douro e Pico, paisagens culturais vinhateiras património mundial em perspectiva multifocal : experimentação comparada
Sumário
População e distribuição da propriedade na paisagem da cultura da vinha da Ilha do Pico : o caso da Madelana e criação velha em finais do século XIX
Carlota Santos, Maria Hermínia Mesquita
Documento (.pdf)
AbstractFor the parishes of Madalena and Criação Velha, both of the municipality of Madalena that integrates the Landscape of the Vineyard of Pico Island, Azores, which since 2004 is recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, we have, as it happens for most of the parishes of the island, demographic and genealogical databases built using the methodology of «reconstitution of parishes»3 based on the collection of information from parish registers of births, marriages and deaths. These bases, open to the nominative crossroads, have been supplemented by serial information provided by various social, economic and fiscal sources, making it possible to analyze the population dynamics of these communities and differential demographic behavior, in a long-term historical perspective. We also have a base integrating the nominal data provided by the building matrices elaborated in the early 1880s, referring to the terms of Old Creation and Madalena and the information on the map that, for each of these parishes, indicates in alphabetical order the names and addresses of the taxpayers registered in the building matrix, the numbers of the matrices and the taxable income of the respective properties. Despite the many lacunae presented by the Madalena headquarters, as a result of the poor state of preservation of the respective books (of 8,266 registered property records, only 4,081 remained untouched), it is possible to construct a general framework on the effective distribution of property (by gender, place of residence and taxable income). And for Old Creation, whose matrix is complete with the description of 5,084 building records, it is possible to approximate the structure of the property. The evolution of the population in these parishes was marked, in the second half of the nineteenth century, by a long depressive phase that began from the 1920s onwards during the first decades of the 20th century. To this trend was not strange the crisis of the vineyards that affected the island from 1853, pushing a large part of the active male population for emigration. It is known that the culture of the vineyard, from an early age, played an important role in the economy of the Island and in particular in the municipality of Madalena. António Lourenço da Silveira Macedo states that «the municipality of Magdalena (…) is entirely stony and only suitable for the culture of trees and vines (…)»4. The climactic mildness of the region and the characteristics of the soil, fertilized by recent volcanic lavas, provided favorable conditions for the development of vitiviniculture that allowed, throughout the times and through the port of Horta, to guarantee the export of a high quality wine. From 1853, as elsewhere, Pico’s wine production was drastically reduced by a plague of oidium which, devastating much of the vineyards, led to the replanting of land with a lower caste vineyard, resulting in a product quality target for local consumption. The analysis of the matrices, allowing an approximation to the income of the population, will allow, especially for the Old Creation, to estimate the weight that the vine still had in those incomes.
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Data da última atualização: 2020-09-10
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